Sublimation Definition (Phase Transition in Chemistry)

Sublimation Definition (Phase Transition in Chemistry) Sublimation Definition Sublimation is the transition from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase. This endothermic phase transition occurs at temperatures and pressures below the triple point. The term only applies to physical changes of state and not to the transformation of a solid into a gas during a chemical reaction. For example, when candle wax undergoes combustion, the paraffin is vaporized and reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. This is not sublimation. The opposite process of sublimation, where a gas undergoes a phase change into solid form, is called deposition or desublimation. Sublimation Examples Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. At room temperature and pressure, it sublimates into carbon dioxide vapor.Freezer burn results from sublimation of ice into water vapor.At the right temperature, the elements iodine and arsenic will sublimate from solid into gaseous form.Naphthalene, a chemical commonly used in mothballs, readily sublimates at room temperature and pressure.Water ice will sublimate, although more slowly than dry ice. The effect may be seen sometimes over snowfields when the sun is out, yet the temperature is cold. Practical Applications of Sublimation Sublimation and erosion cause ablation, a process which wears down glaciers.Sublimation of iodine may be used to reveal latent fingerprints on paper.Sublimation is used to purify compounds. It is especially useful for organic compounds.Because dry ice sublimates so readily, the compound is used to produce fog effects.

A Healthy Pregnancy

A Healthy Pregnancy Jan Christian Axia College of University of Phoenix Healthy Pregnancy 1 When it comes to a healthy pregnancy, what is the first thing that comes to mind? Pregnancy is a life changing moment and will be filled with all kinds of emotions. The most important part of it all is to have a healthy pregnancy not only for the baby but also for you. Maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise will decrease the high risk factors which come along with pregnancies. I will be discussing how maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise can help prevent some of these risk factors. I will help teach about what should be avoided during pregnancy and the important things to do to be healthy. For starters, finding the right prenatal care plays a significant role during pregnancy. It is important to find a doctor who you will feel comfortable seeing. Remember this is a person you will see on a regular basis to monitor the health of you and the baby and will also be bringing the baby into the world. Women who see a healthcare provider regularly have healthier babies. During pregnancy the risk factors for women rise. The risks which can occur and put the mother and baby at danger are high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, problems with amniotic fluids, preeclampsia, and stress, just to name a few. Preeclampsia only occurs during pregnancy and affects both the mother and the baby. The Preeclampsia Foundation (2008) stated, â€Å"Affecting at least 5-8% of all pregnancies, it is a rapidly progressive condition characterized by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine. Swelling, sudden weight gain, headaches and changes in vision are important symptoms: however some women with rapidly advancing disease report few symptoms† (para. ). Healthy Pregnancy 2 Smoking, drinking, and drug use during pregnancy can cause birth defects, low birth weight, and even death. Such risk factors can conclude in premature delivery, birth defects, weak immune system for the baby, and health problems once the baby is born. There are many chemicals and foods which should be avoided also. The website for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005) has many interesting facts and provided the ABCs of having a healthy pregnancy. Eating well and maintaining a healthy diet along with regular exercise is essential to both the mother and baby. A healthy diet and good nutrition is important for the growth and development of the baby. Not only is it essential for the baby but the mother also. If you are not eating right, the baby will take the nutrients from the mother, which can weaker her as she gets older. A healthy diet should consist of fruits, vegetables, breads, grains, dairy products and protein sources. Prenatal vitamins should be taken daily to ensure you are getting enough vitamins and minerals. Plenty of fluids should also be part of the diet. There are certain types of foods which should be avoided. Certain fishes should not be eaten since they contain high-levels of mercury, soft cheeses which are unpasteurized can cause Listeria infection, avoid raw fish and shellfish, cold sandwich meats and hotdogs. Listeria infections can cause life-threatening blood infections and meningitis in newborns. Healthy weight gain throughout pregnancy should be between 25-30 pounds. WebMD (2008) states, â€Å"In general, you should gain about 2 to 4 pounds during your first three months of pregnancy and 1 pound a week for the remainder of your pregnancy† (para. ). Healthy Pregnancy 3 Regular exercise can be done while pregnant and is recommended but should first be discussed with the healthcare provider. Physical activities such as walking, yoga, or swimming can be beneficial to both the mother and baby. Not only does light or moderate exercise strengthens abdominal and back muscles but it increases early recovery after delivery. Being overweight or underweight may cause complications, so it is important to have a healthy diet and regular exercise. The U. S Department of Health and Human Services recommends that healthy pregnant women get at least 2 ? hours of aerobic exercise a week (March of Dimes, 2008). There are different risks that come along with age especially during pregnancy. Pregnant women between the ages of 20-30 have a higher risk of preeclampsia. March of Dimes (2008) states,† Women over the age of 35 have increased risks of: fertility problems, high blood pressure, diabetes, multiple pregnancies, miscarriages, placenta previa, cesarean section, and a baby with genetic disorder. It is just as important for pregnant women over the age of 35 to get prenatal care since they have increased risks. Throughout pregnancy the riskiest trimester would be the first. During the first trimester you are at higher risk of a miscarriage if you do not take care of yourself. It is important to not overwork your body and stress. This is the time to just take it easy on the body and relax. During the second trimester you will notice different changes with your body. This is the time where regular exercise can start beginning and become an everyday routine. Maintaining a regular exercise routine will not only help with stress but will be beneficial for you and the baby in the long run. Healthy Pregnancy 4 For the third trimester, every pregnant woman is anxious for the baby’s arrival. This is the time where you may start feeling discomfort since the baby has become too big. Pre-term labor can happen to anyone and about 12 percent of babies are born prematurely. Some pre-term labor can be avoided while others are spontaneous. Delivering the baby before 37 weeks is considered pre-term labor. The earlier the baby is born, the higher risks for health problems and can be fatal. The longer the baby stays, in the healthier it will be. So it is important to take care and try to avoid pre-term labor. Being pregnant right now, with my second child makes me highly aware of all the risks that come along with pregnancy. I have been given good advice from my doctors and also turn to the internet for reference. For my first pregnancy, I did have pre-term labor; therefore, this pregnancy makes me more aware. It is essential to educate those about pregnancy because it is something which should be enjoyed. Overall, before, during and after pregnancy it is important to stay healthy. Not all birth defects can be prevented but taking action can increase the chances of having a healthy delivery. Taking precautions with everyday activities will help decrease risks factors. It is important to do research and talk to the healthcare providers about any questions or concerns you may have. The internet provides extensive information about maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Healthy Pregnancy

Storage Area Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Storage Area Networks - Essay Example The end of this millennium saw the arrival of some of the most extensive network storage management technologies, NAS, SAN and others. A precursor of SAN, Network Attached Storage (NAS) is the term assigned to file servers, comprising one or more internal servers, preconfigured disk capacity with a specialized operating system for storage management. NAS servers become part of the network through traditional LAN configurations, allowing storage capabilities as file servers. In terms of applicability, NAS servers have been designed to fit the needs of hosting data for web applications (Troppens). Since this storage technology has been developed specifically to assist in the sharing of files over networks, NAS provides the following advantages of its predecessors: 1. NAS functions using tailor-made or stripped-down version of the operating system suited to fit the needs of managing storage over networks. ... As compared to storage technologies existent before NAS, it provides functions as snapshots, remote mirroring and backup over Fiber Channel SAN. 3. NAS servers allows for easy-to-use PnP (Troppens) file systems, allowing for greater optimization through removal of all functions not required in file serving, increasing storage capabilities in addition to low installation and maintenance costs. 4. NAS servers are easily scalable to suit the needs of an expanding organization A mere shortfall in NAS is its use of conventional network file systems such as NFS (Troppens) or CIFS in coordination with Internet protocols such as FTP or HTTP. This in turn limits the basic premise of file sharing paradigm, providing powerful performance against I/O intensive application requests. Successor to NAS - Storage Area Networks By definition, a SAN (or Storage Area Network) is "a specialized, high-speed network attaching servers and storage devices" (Tate). This new storage networking technology is so flexible that it eliminates the need for a dedicated connection between a server and a storage device, as well as the "concept that the server effectively owns and manages the storage devices". (Bird) SAN is preferred to a very large extent over other network storage capabilities due to a variety of factors; firstly, almost all traditional methods of handling high level of storage, accessibility and availability of sensitive and operational data have failed in wake of increasing requirements for fast and efficient transfers. Secondly, in comparison to a client / server model that supports server-centric data management operations, SAN facilitates the organization with a data-centric model making it possible to transfer large amounts of data without being dependent of the server. It

Banana is the best fruit for human being Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Banana is the best fruit for human being - Essay Example Banana is a wholesome nutritious food and a rich source of carbohydrate, dietary fibers and natural sugars like glucose, fructose and sucrose (Andrews). Therefore, when consumed, banana gives instant, continuous and considerable boost of energy. In fact, researched has reveled that, â€Å"two bananas provide enough energy for a strenuous 90-minute workout† (Sanchez). Hence, most of the world’s leading athletes have included banana as an integral part of the diet. Banana is also rich in potassium which helps to prevent fat from accumulating in the arteries and thereby helps the heart to function normally (Schmidt). Vitamin C in the banana helps to absorb iron, create connective tissue and form blood (Schmidt). In addition, unlike other fruits and vegetables, banana has been found to retain its nutritional content even after being picked. Therefore, banana should be a vital item in everyone’s diet (Focus on Mexico). The rich presence of vitamins and minerals in banana help to address or prevent several illnesses and medical conditions. Being rich in potassium and low in salt, banana is a perfect fruit to help address high blood pressure (Helen). Research has also revealed that regular consumption of banana can reduce the risk of death by stroke by as much as 40%. In fact, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has permitted the banana industry to officially claim that banana can reduce the risk of blood pressure and stroke (Helen). Individuals trying to quit smoking benefit from banana as Vitamin B6 and B12 in banana and the presence of potassium and magnesium in the fruit have been found to help the body to recover from the effects of nicotine withdrawal (Helen). The high fiber content in the fruit is also helpful in restoring normal bowel movement and prevents constipation (Helen). In addition to these benefits, banana has been found to help address depression, anemia, stress, ulcers and heart burn. These benefits reveal that banana should be included in

Writing a comprehensive research report on the use of new technology Paper

Writing a comprehensive report on the use of new technology as a part of a company's service efforts - Research Paper Example Search affects the activities of individuals and all sorts of organizations. The contribution of new technology to the economic growth can have a realization when and if the technology is put to use and diffused. Diffusion itself results from a series of individual decisions to begin using the new technology, decisions that are often the result of a comparison of the uncertain benefits of the new invention with the costs of adopting it. The benefits of from adopting new technologies, for example, wireless communications are received throughout the life of the acquired innovator. The use of new technologies enhances operations and exploits new market opportunities (Manyika, 2013). When adopted at scale across an emerging type of networked enterprise and integrated into the work processes of employees, social media, and other new technologies can boost a company’s financial performance and market share. Using technology to maximize company’s business productivity creates a platform to realize real business. The business software puts organization s in an assurance of having the tools to overcome challenges of execution on strategizing every day and prosper in today’s economic times. Companies are on the increase in focusing on managing customer relationships, the customer asset, or customer equity. The rapid growth of social media, from blogs to Twitter and Facebook, to YouTube and LinkedIn, offers organizations and companies the chance to join a conversation with millions of customers around the globe every day. The groups use social media as one way of the promotional channel. They use consumer conversations and turn the information into consumer insights that impact the bottom line (Hunt, 2013). The internet based social media emergence has started a new kind of conversation among consumers and companies. It challenges the traditional ideas on brand management and marketing while in the meantime creates alternative opportunities

The ethical principle of Facebook as An Emotional Contagion Essay

The ethical principle of Facebook as An Emotional Contagion - Essay Example An analysis of this experiment in light of the utilitarian theory of ethics shows that this experiment is morally justifiable. This is because, although the experiment violates some individual rights of the subjects of the experiment, the experiment findings, however, is quite useful and can be used in many ways; this, in essence, means that the experiment will lead to making the majority of people happy. This, therefore, means that that experiment is morally justifiable in light of the utilitarianism.The experiment is, however, morally unjustifiable in light of the Kantian deontology. This is because the subjects of the experiment were used not as human beings with intrinsic worth, i.e ends in themselves, but rather as means to some end. This is because the experiment violated some individual rights of the subjects of the experiment. This fact, therefore, shows that the experiment is unethical in light of the Kantian deontology.According to my moral worldview, this experiment is mor ally unjustifiable. This is because the experiment clearly violates some basic rights of its subjects. Although, the experiment can, of course, benefits many people, the experiment doesn’t take cognizance of the individual rights of its subjects. This fact, therefore, shows that the experiment is morally unjustifiable. To avoid this moral problem, future experiments and research in technology involving human beings should be done only after getting the consent of the intended subjects of the experiment.

Differentiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Differentiation - Essay Example Therefore we say that differentiation is the respect for individual differences among learners. There are certain ways on how I implement proper differentiation techniques. At the onset, I set very clear learning goals. I explain the subject syllabi; the topics to be explained for the entire school year, the requirements for the class and expected students' learning outputs, the time table for every topic, and discuss my expectations from the class. Upon the start of every lesson, I lay down specific objectives. For instance, if I start the topic on Measurements I inform the class of the objectives which is after studying the lesson, they should be able to illustrate the development of measurement from primitive to the present international systems of units; and be familiar with the standards of measure. In this manner, the class is well informed of what to expect and enable them to prepare themselves for the tasks to come. I pre-assess students; who are those lacking some precursor skills, who among those already know some, or a great deal about the topic ahead, what are the students' interests and how it can help them deal with the topics to be learned, and finally how students learn best. I use various pre-assessment tools, from written tests, to board work, and work books. Knowing where areas they are good at and the way they absorb the lesson will help me as a teacher to prepare instructional materials suited to their level of understanding. It is expected that in an effectively differentiated class it should include whole class and small group instructional time since with that I can target students' particular interests and needs in the context of helping all my students achieve their desired goal. Throughout the time, I continuously monitor student progress to better understand who might need more complex materials, additional teacher support and intervention to master key concepts, and additional time on a topic either because of deeper liking to the subject matter or because of a need for more support. In the latter case, I also encourage paired activities to where I pair up one that I identified to be good at the topic and one who is quite poor. That way, peer learning is encouraged and they solve mathematical problems together. The better ones would explain the solutions in their own words and ways and somehow it makes understanding easier for the other students. This is enlisting the help of students to make the class work as smoothly as it can in ways that allow consideration to individual needs. It is also beneficial that students would use different materials, work with different tasks, and work in different student groupings, or even have special homework. A similar a ctivity about fractions happened to my class where I assigned various activities for the different groups. I gave one group to answer verbal problems; another is to create a model that would show the divisions of the parts and represent it in fraction forms, and last is drawing the diagram of real numbers and give as many examples on fractions. It is however a fact that no classroom can be a perfect fit for every student every minute of every day, but it should at least be the case where students generally feel both challenged